ARTICLE - ABANDONED CHILDREN

DESPERATE PARENTS ABANDON CHILDREN IN HAITI
(AP) - Rukmini Callimachi

PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti -- Weeks after the 1-year-old was found in a dumpster, his father showed up.

The baby wriggled in his cot, smiled and held up his arms. When the father didn't touch him, the baby started to cry and kick his legs.

The man left moments after he arrived, never to be seen again, according to a report written by a social worker at the Saint Catherine Hospital in the Cite Soleil slum, where the child was taken.

The catastrophic earthquake that left at least 1.3 million of Haiti's 9 million people homeless was the final push over the edge for families that could barely afford to feed their children before.

Now stuck in leaky tents with dwindling aid handouts, Haitian families are abandoning their children in the hope that rescue organizations will offer them a better life, aid workers say.

A 4-day-old baby girl was left in a cardboard box outside a hospital. Toddlers are being found alone in hospital waiting rooms. Outside a private clinic, volunteers discovered a 3-year-old holding a bag of carefully-folded underwear. A note pinned to his shirt asked those who found him to look after him.

Even before the magnitude-7 quake, poor parents left children at orphanages where they would at least receive one meal a day. Now the number of abandoned children has skyrocketed, said 37-year-old Tamara Palinka, who helped coordinate logistics at the University of Miami-run field hospital on the grounds of the airport.

"I personally talked a lot of mothers out of giving up their children," said Palinka, who cordoned off a space inside the field hospital's pediatric tent for abandoned children, including another toddler found crawling on a garbage heap.

Orphanage workers say their facilities are swelling with children who are not orphans.

At Mother Teresa's orphanage behind a tall wall covered in concertina wire, nuns in white saris hover over the cribs of children whose arms are attached to drips. They don't take in orphans, only malnourished children who will be returned to their families after they put on weight. They require the mothers to stay on the grounds because otherwise they might not come back.

"We don't let them leave," said Sister Genova, a diminutive woman who weaves between the cribs, reaching out to stroke the head of a twig-like child with bright orange hair, a sign of malnutrition.

Nadine Jean-Baptiste, 35 years old and HIV-positive, recently left her 2-year-old daughter Christine at an orphanage down the street from the storage shed where she now lives.

Before the Jan. 12 quake, she was barely able to pay for her medication and look after her daughter. Then her husband, a cook, was buried inside the restaurant where he worked. She heard his cries from beneath the concrete but could do nothing.

With him gone and her house destroyed, she is weighing a terrible decision: An American couple has expressed interest in adopting Christine. The sick mother lies awake at night trying to decide whether she should sign over her child, a chubby little girl with hair bunched into pigtails.

"I love my child. Giving her away is not my wish," she said, her voice choked with sadness, her body thin as an ironing board from the disease. "But I have nothing to feed her. I have no choice but to give her away."

The United Nation's Children's Fund set up a toll-free hotline in February for abandoned or lost children who had been separated from their families during the quake. The call center has registered 960 children so far. "We don't call them orphans because they could have family," explained Edward Carwardine, UNICEF's spokesman in Haiti.

UNICEF gave the hotline number only to agencies and aid workers - not the public - for fear of an avalanche of calls from desperate families trying to unload their children.

The SOS orphanage saw what happens when such an offer is made known to the public at large.

Their tidy campus is an oasis in the rubble-strewn capital, located on a leafy lot crisscrossed with walkways. Children live in "families" inside cottages overseen by a doting house "mother." Their days are a carnival of activities, from soccer and painting to one-to-one sessions with psychologists who use art to get at the trauma of the quake.

In the week after the quake, SOS announced on the radio that the orphanage had room for more orphans. The next day, the orphanage nearly doubled in size after staff found around 120 children lined up outside the gate. In the three months since, the orphanage has tripled in size.

But SOS quickly realized that most of the new arrivals were not in fact orphans, said spokeswoman Line Wolf-Nielsen. One mother posed as a stranger dropping off three of her own children, whom she claimed were 'orphans' found after the quake. Others sent in their children with neighbors or friends, making it more difficult to find the family. One family instructed three boys to memorize a fictitious last name to complicate efforts to find their real parents.

Haitian law requires that orphanage authorities do everything they can to reunite children with their birth families. Post-quake, that has often involved reuniting kids with families that do not want them back. SOS is sifting through the roughly 300 children they took in since the disaster, sending workers into the camps to look for parents.

"It's very tough, but we need to concentrate our efforts on the neediest cases. Obviously if you have family, your situation is less needy than that of a child that has no one," says Wolf-Nielsen.

On a recent afternoon, two boys waited on a bench, with dread on their faces. Their clothes were carefully folded in a Winnie the Pooh bag between them. A few paces away, in the office of the SOS orphanage, their adult older brother was reluctantly signing a Family Reunification Act.

The boys, ages 10 and 13, as well as their 3-year-old cousin had been dropped off two months earlier. The family friend who brought them lied, telling orphanage workers that their parents had died in the quake. She gave them a fake last name - Milscent - and coached them not to reveal their real names if questioned about their family.

In fact, their mother is alive but, like tens of thousands of others, is living in a tent city.

"They left me here because they don't have money to take care of me," said Ridial, the 13-year-old. "If I leave, will I still be able to go to school?"

Organizations helping abandoned children are even offering supplies to families that take back their kids. In the case of the three boys, their family received three sleeping bags, a tent and a one-month supply of food. They were driven back to a muddy alleyway that leads into a maze of tents where children play with kites made by tying a discarded plastic bag to a piece of string.

The family sleeps in a space the size of a jacuzzi tub inside a tent fashioned from a sheet wrapped around an enclosure of sticks. Their bed is a piece of cardboard. It's gotten wet so many times from rain pouring through the sheet that it lies crumpled in a heap over a broken chair.

"I don't have a job," said Jean-Phillipe Turenne, the children's 22-year-old brother. "I can't afford to take them back, but I have to. I think it's better for us to have left them there (at the orphanage)."

He said if only the boys had not revealed their real last name, the orphanage workers might not have been able to trace them. Ridial fought back tears. He said he tried to keep up the lie but couldn't keep his facts straight, and finally crumbled and told the truth.

There is very little aid workers can do to find the family of the baby found in the dumpster, who was too weak to cry when he was first rescued. He has not yet learned to speak.

Months later, the baby, named Erode, sat on his bottom playing with a styrofoam letter at the state-of-the-art Enfant Jesus orphanage, where children are tended by a bevy of attentive nannies.

He extended the letter C to one of the nannies - only to pull it back as soon as she reached for it. He exploded into a burst of giggles.

He is fed two healthy meals a day and sleeps in a crib with gleaming white bars. The nannies take turns cuddling him and have been trained in the importance of eye contact as well as 'reciprocal play,' where they coo at him to mimic the attention he would receive from his mother.

"These children have won the jackpot to get to be here," said Indiana-based child psychologist Mary Kate Bristow, who flew in to offer her service. "If I was living in a tent, I too would try to get my child here."

Next to Erode is a toddler whose leg had to be amputated. His mother begged the orphanage to take him, saying she couldn't care for him, said executive director Gina Duncan.

In another crib is a baby girl who spent three days under the rubble. By the time they got her out, the ants had started eating her eyes. She isn't an orphan either - her grandmother was in the hospital recovering after the house collapsed on top of her.

And then there is 13-year-old Simon, who was left at the orphanage shortly after the quake. For the first time in his life, he ate until he felt full. He began attending school.

He recently sat inside the orphanage's main office next to his older sister, who had come to reclaim him. He tried to hide his tears by pulling up his T-shirt over his nose. When he couldn't hold it in any longer, he laid his cheek on the armrest of the couch, and his tears pooled on the imitation leather.

"If I go back with my big sister, I won't be able to go to school. She's going to make me sell water in the street - like I was doing before," he said. "I'll go back to a hard life."

Sniffling, he was led out of the orphanage.